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Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ

Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ. These 100 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) have been created by covering these topics: Root system (tap root, fibrous root, adventitious root), Root functions (absorption, anchorage, storage), Root regions (root cap, meristematic, elongation, maturation), Stem characteristics (nodes, internodes, buds), Stem functions (support, conduction, storage, propagation), Leaf structure (leaf base, petiole, lamina), Venation (reticulate, parallel), Leaf types (simple, compound), Phyllotaxy (alternate, opposite, whorled), Inflorescence (racemose, cymose), Flower structure (calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium), Flower sexuality (bisexual, unisexual), Flower symmetry (actinomorphic, zygomorphic), Floral merosity (trimerous, tetramerous, pentamerous), Bracts (bracteate, ebracteate), Flower position (hypogynous, perigynous, epigynous), Aestivation (valvate, twisted, imbricate, vexillary), Placentation (marginal, axile, parietal, free central, basal), Fruit (pericarp, seed), Seed structure (dicot, monocot), Floral diagram and formula, Solanaceae family.

Table of Contents

  • Root System and Its Functions: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (1-15)
  • Stem Characteristics and Roles: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (16-30)
  • Leaf Structure, Venation, and Types: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (31-45)
  • Inflorescence: Arrangement of Flowers – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (46-55)
  • Flower Structure and Sexuality: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (56-70)
  • Calyx and Corolla: Structure and Arrangement – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (71-80)
  • Androecium: Male Reproductive Whorl – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (81-88)
  • Gynoecium: Female Reproductive Whorl – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (89-95)
  • Fruit Development and Types: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (96-98)
  • Seed Structure: Dicot and Monocot – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (99-100)

Root System and Its Functions: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (1-15)

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a function of the root system?

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Correct Answer: C. Photosynthesis. Roots primarily absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant, store food, and produce plant growth regulators. Photosynthesis mainly occurs in the leaves and stems.

Question 2:  A plant with a prominent main root and several smaller lateral roots is likely to have a:

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Correct Answer: B. Tap root system. A tap root system is characterized by a dominant primary root and smaller lateral roots.

Question 3: Roots that develop from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called:

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Correct Answer: C. Adventitious roots. Adventitious roots arise from locations other than the embryonic root (radicle).

Question 4: The region of the root responsible for active cell division is the:

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Correct Answer: B. Region of meristematic activity. This region contains actively dividing cells that contribute to root growth.

Question 5: Which part of the root protects the root apex as it grows through the soil?

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Correct Answer: B. Root cap. The root cap acts as a protective layer for the delicate root apex.

Question 6:  Root hairs, which are crucial for water and mineral absorption, are found in the:

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Correct Answer: C. Region of maturation.  Root hairs are specialized epidermal cells located in the mature region of the root.

Question 7: Which of these is an example of a plant with a fibrous root system?

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Correct Answer: B. Wheat. Wheat is a monocot and typically exhibits a fibrous root system.

Question 8: Sweet potatoes are examples of roots that:

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Correct Answer: B. Store food. Sweet potatoes are modified roots that store carbohydrates.

Question 9: The primary root develops from the:

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Correct Answer: B. Radicle. The radicle is the embryonic root that gives rise to the primary root.

Question 10: Which root system is characterized by a network of thin, equally sized roots?

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Correct Answer: B. Fibrous root system.  Fibrous root systems lack a dominant primary root.

Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ

Question 11:  Which of the following describes the arrangement of roots in a mustard plant?

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Correct Answer: B. Tap root. Mustard is a dicot and has a tap root system.

Question 12: The primary function of the root cap is to:

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Correct Answer: B. Protect the root tip. The root cap shields the actively dividing cells of the root apex.

Question 13: Which region of the root is primarily involved in cell elongation and growth?

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Correct Answer: B. Elongation region. This is where cells lengthen, pushing the root further into the soil.

Question 14:  Which of the following is an example of a plant with adventitious roots?

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Correct Answer: C. Grass. Grass has adventitious roots arising from its stem base.

Question 15: Which of the following is NOT a function of roots?

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Correct Answer: C. Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis primarily occurs in leaves and other green parts of the plant.

Stem Characteristics and Roles: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (16-30)

Question 16: Stems develop from which part of the seed embryo?

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Correct Answer: B. Plumule. The plumule is the embryonic shoot that develops into the stem.

Question 17:  Which of the following is NOT a typical function of a stem?

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Correct Answer: C. Anchoring the plant in the soil.  Anchoring is primarily the function of roots.

Question 18: The points on a stem where leaves are attached are called:

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Correct Answer: B. Nodes. Nodes are the regions of the stem where leaves, buds, and branches arise.

Question 19: The regions of the stem between two successive nodes are called:

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Correct Answer: B. Internodes. Internodes are the portions of the stem between the nodes.

Question 20: Which of the following is an example of a stem modified for food storage?

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Correct Answer: A. Potato. Potatoes are underground stems (tubers) that store starch.

Question 21:  Tendrils, which help some plants climb, are modifications of:

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Correct Answer: B. Stems. Tendrils can arise from modified stems, leaves, or even inflorescences.

Question 22: Thorns, which provide protection to plants, are modifications of:

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Correct Answer: B. Stems. Thorns are sharp, pointed modified stems.

Question 23: Which of the following describes the direction of growth of the stem?

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Correct Answer: B. Upward, away from the soil. Stems typically grow upwards, towards the light.

Question 24:  Which of these plants uses its stem for vegetative propagation?

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Correct Answer: B. Potato. Potatoes can be propagated using tubers, which are modified stems.

Question 25:  A bud located at the apex of the stem is called:

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Correct Answer: B. Terminal bud. The terminal bud is located at the tip of the stem and is responsible for its growth in length.

Question 26: Buds that develop in the axils of leaves are called:

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Correct Answer: B. Axillary buds. Axillary buds can develop into branches or flowers.

Question 27:  Which of the following is a function of the stem’s vascular bundles?

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Correct Answer: C. Transport of water and nutrients. Vascular bundles contain xylem (for water transport) and phloem (for nutrient transport).

Question 28:  Which of these is NOT a characteristic of stems?

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Correct Answer: D. Absorb water and minerals from the soil. Absorption is the primary function of roots.

Question 29:  Which of the following is an example of a plant with a thickened stem for water storage?

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Correct Answer: A. Cactus. Cacti have succulent stems that store water, enabling them to survive in dry environments.

Question 30:  The primary function of the stem is to:

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Correct Answer: C. Support and transport. Stems provide structural support and facilitate the transport of substances throughout the plant.

Leaf Structure, Venation, and Types: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (31-45)

Question 31: The green, expanded part of the leaf is called the:

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Correct Answer: B. Lamina. The lamina, or leaf blade, is the main photosynthetic part of the leaf.

Question 32: The stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem is called the:

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Correct Answer: B. Petiole. The petiole connects the leaf blade to the stem.

Question 33: The arrangement of veins and veinlets in a leaf is known as:

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Correct Answer: A. Venation. Venation refers to the pattern of veins in a leaf.

Question 34: Which type of venation is typically found in dicotyledonous plants?

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Correct Answer: B. Reticulate venation. Dicot leaves usually have a network of veins.

Question 35: Which type of venation is typically found in monocotyledonous plants?

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Correct Answer: A. Parallel venation. Monocot leaves generally have veins running parallel to each other.

Question 36: A leaf with an undivided lamina is called a:

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Correct Answer: B. Simple leaf. Simple leaves have an entire, undivided blade.

Question 37: A leaf in which the lamina is divided into several leaflets is called a:

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Correct Answer: B. Compound leaf. Compound leaves are composed of multiple leaflets.

Question 38:  Neem leaves, with leaflets arranged along a common axis, are an example of:

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Correct Answer: A. Pinnately compound leaves. In pinnately compound leaves, leaflets are arranged like feathers along a central rachis.

Question 39:  Cotton leaves, with leaflets radiating from a common point, are an example of:

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Correct Answer: B. Palmately compound leaves. Palmately compound leaves have leaflets radiating from a single point, like fingers on a hand.

Question 40: The arrangement of leaves on a stem is called:

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Correct Answer: B. Phyllotaxy. Phyllotaxy describes the pattern of leaf arrangement on the stem.

Question 41: When there is only one leaf at each node, the phyllotaxy is said to be:

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Correct Answer: C. Alternate. Alternate phyllotaxy means one leaf per node, arranged in a spiral pattern.

Question 42: When there are two leaves at each node, opposite to each other, the phyllotaxy is said to be:

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Correct Answer: C. Opposite. Opposite phyllotaxy means two leaves per node, positioned directly across from each other.

Question 43: When there are more than two leaves at each node, the phyllotaxy is said to be:

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Correct Answer: C. Whorled. Whorled phyllotaxy means three or more leaves arising from the same node.

Question 44:  The swollen leaf base found in some leguminous plants is called:

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Correct Answer: A. Pulvinus. The pulvinus is a swollen leaf base, often involved in leaf movements.

Question 45: Small, leaf-like appendages found at the leaf base in some plants are called:

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Correct Answer: A. Stipules. Stipules are small outgrowths at the leaf base, sometimes serving a protective function.

Inflorescence: Arrangement of Flowers – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (46-55)

Question 46: What is an inflorescence?

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Correct Answer: B. A cluster of flowers. An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis.

Question 47: In which type of inflorescence does the main axis continue to grow, and the flowers are arranged in acropetal succession?

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Correct Answer: B. Racemose. In racemose inflorescences, the oldest flowers are at the base, and the youngest are at the apex.

Question 48: In which type of inflorescence does the main axis terminate in a flower, and the flowers are arranged in basipetal order?

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Correct Answer: B. Cymose. In cymose inflorescences, the oldest flowers are at the apex, and the youngest are at the base.

Question 49:  What does “acropetal succession” mean in the context of inflorescence?

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Correct Answer: B. Younger flowers at the apex, older flowers at the base.  This is the pattern seen in racemose inflorescences.

Question 50: What does “basipetal order” mean in the context of inflorescence?

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Correct Answer: B. Younger flowers at the base, older flowers at the apex. This is the pattern seen in cymose inflorescences.

Question 51: A typical example of a racemose inflorescence is:

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Correct Answer: A. Sunflower. The sunflower head is a type of racemose inflorescence called a capitulum.

Question 52: A typical example of a cymose inflorescence is:

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Correct Answer: B. Jasmine. Jasmine flowers are often arranged in a cymose inflorescence.

Question 54: Which of the following is NOT a type of inflorescence?

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Correct Answer: C. Leaf. A leaf is a vegetative structure, not part of the inflorescence.

Question 55: The main axis of the inflorescence is called:

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Correct Answer: B. Peduncle. The peduncle is the stalk of the inflorescence, while the pedicel is the stalk of an individual flower.

Flower Structure and Sexuality: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (56-70)

Question 56: The reproductive unit of angiosperms is the:

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Correct Answer: B. Flower. Flowers are the specialized structures for sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

Question 57: How many whorls are typically present in a flower?

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Correct Answer: C. Four. The four whorls are calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.

Question 58: The outermost whorl of a flower is called the:

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Correct Answer: B. Calyx. The calyx is composed of sepals.

Question 59: The whorl of petals in a flower is called the:

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Correct Answer: B. Corolla. Petals are often brightly colored to attract pollinators.

Question 60: The male reproductive whorl of a flower is the:

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Correct Answer: C. Androecium. The androecium consists of stamens.

Question 61: The female reproductive whorl of a flower is the:

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Correct Answer: D. Gynoecium. The gynoecium is made up of carpels.

Question 62: A flower that contains both male and female reproductive parts is called:

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Correct Answer: B. Bisexual. Bisexual flowers have both stamens and carpels.

Question 63: A flower that contains only male or only female reproductive parts is called:

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Correct Answer: B. Unisexual. Unisexual flowers have either stamens or carpels, but not both.

Question 64:  A flower that can be divided into two equal halves by any radial plane is:

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Correct Answer: B. Actinomorphic. Actinomorphic flowers exhibit radial symmetry.

Question 65: A flower that can be divided into two equal halves by only one vertical plane is:

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Correct Answer: B. Zygomorphic. Zygomorphic flowers show bilateral symmetry.

Question 66: Which of the following is an example of an actinomorphic flower?

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Correct Answer: C. Mustard. Mustard flowers are radially symmetrical.

Question 67: Which of the following is an example of a zygomorphic flower?

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Correct Answer: C. Pea. Pea flowers are bilaterally symmetrical.

Question 68:  The term “perianth” refers to:

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Correct Answer: C. Calyx and corolla together. The perianth includes all the non-reproductive parts of the flower.

Question 69:  The part of the flower that develops into the fruit is the:

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Correct Answer: A. Ovary. The ovary contains the ovules and develops into the fruit after fertilization.

Question 70: The part of the flower that contains the ovules is the:

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Correct Answer: C. Ovary. Ovules, which develop into seeds, are located within the ovary.

Calyx and Corolla: Structure and Arrangement – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (71-80)

Question 71:  The individual units of the calyx are called:

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Correct Answer: B. Sepals. Sepals are the leaf-like structures that make up the calyx.

Question 72: When the sepals of a flower are fused, the calyx is said to be:

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Correct Answer: B. Gamosepalous. Gamosepalous refers to a calyx with united sepals.

Question 73: When the sepals of a flower are free, the calyx is said to be:

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Correct Answer: B. Polysepalous. Polysepalous describes a calyx with separate, unfused sepals.

Question 74:  The individual units of the corolla are called:

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Correct Answer: B. Petals. Petals are often brightly colored and attract pollinators.

Question 75: When the petals of a flower are fused, the corolla is said to be:

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Correct Answer: B. Gamopetalous. Gamopetalous describes a corolla with united petals.

Question 76: When the petals of a flower are free, the corolla is said to be:

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Correct Answer: B. Polypetalous. Polypetalous refers to a corolla with distinct, unfused petals.

Question 77: The arrangement of sepals or petals in the flower bud is called:

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Correct Answer: C. Aestivation. Aestivation describes how the sepals or petals are arranged in the bud.

Question 78:  Which type of aestivation is seen in Calotropis, where the sepals or petals touch at the margins without overlapping?

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Correct Answer: C. Valvate. In valvate aestivation, the margins touch but do not overlap.

Question 79:  Which type of aestivation is seen in China rose, where one margin of the sepal or petal overlaps the next?

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Correct Answer: C. Twisted. Twisted aestivation involves a regular overlapping pattern.

Question 80:  Which type of aestivation is seen in pea flowers, with a large standard petal overlapping two wing petals, which in turn overlap the keel petals?

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Correct Answer: D. Vexillary. Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of the pea family (Fabaceae).

Androecium: Male Reproductive Whorl – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (81-88)

Question 81: The male reproductive part of a flower, composed of stamens, is called the:

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Correct Answer: C. Androecium. The androecium is the collective term for all the stamens in a flower.

Question 82:  Each stamen typically consists of:

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Correct Answer: C. Filament and anther. The filament is the stalk, and the anther produces pollen.

Question 83:  Pollen grains are produced in the:

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Correct Answer: D. Anther. The anther contains pollen sacs where pollen grains develop.

Question 84: When stamens are attached to the petals, they are called:

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Correct Answer: A. Epipetalous. Epipetalous stamens are fused to the petals.

Question 85: When stamens are united into a single bundle, they are called:

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Correct Answer: A. Monadelphous.  This arrangement is seen in plants like hibiscus.

Question 86:  When stamens are united into two bundles, they are called:

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Correct Answer: B. Diadelphous. This is characteristic of the pea family.

Question 87:  A sterile stamen is called a:

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Correct Answer: A. Staminode. Staminodes are non-functional stamens that may have other roles in the flower.

Question 88: Which of the following is NOT a function of the androecium?

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Correct Answer: C. Ovule production. Ovule production is the function of the gynoecium.

Gynoecium: Female Reproductive Whorl – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (89-95)

Question 89: The female reproductive part of a flower, composed of carpels, is called the:

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Correct Answer: D. Gynoecium. The gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower.

Question 90: Each carpel typically consists of:

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Correct Answer: B. Stigma, style, and ovary. These are the three main parts of a carpel.

Question 91: The part of the carpel that receives pollen grains is the:

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Correct Answer: A. Stigma. The stigma is the receptive tip of the style.

Question 92: The stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary is the:

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Correct Answer: B. Style. The style is the elongated part of the carpel that supports the stigma.

Question 93: The enlarged basal part of the carpel that contains the ovules is the:

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Correct Answer: C. Ovary. The ovary is the part of the carpel where ovules develop into seeds.

Question 94: When carpels are free from each other, the gynoecium is said to be:

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Correct Answer: B. Apocarpous. Apocarpous gynoecium consists of separate, unfused carpels.

Question 95: When carpels are fused together, the gynoecium is said to be:

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Correct Answer: B. Syncarpous. Syncarpous gynoecium has fused carpels.

Fruit Development and Types: Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (96-98)

Question 96:  A fruit develops from which part of the flower?

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Correct Answer: A. Ovary. The ovary wall develops into the fruit wall (pericarp), while the ovules become seeds.

Question 97: A fruit that develops without fertilization is called:

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Correct Answer: C. Parthenocarpic fruit. Parthenocarpy is the development of fruit without fertilization, often resulting in seedless fruits.

Question 98:  The fruit wall is also known as the:

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Correct Answer: D. Pericarp. The pericarp can be further differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.

Seed Structure: Dicot and Monocot – Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQ (99-100)

Question 99:  The scar on the seed coat where it was attached to the fruit is called the:

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Correct Answer: B. Hilum. The hilum is a visible scar on the seed coat.

Question 100:  In a dicot seed, the food reserve is often stored in the:

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Correct Answer: B. Cotyledons. Dicot seeds often have fleshy cotyledons that store food for the developing embryo.

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